Infrared Remote Control with Microcontroller

In this demonstration we will stick the to NEC protocol by NEC corporation,
NEC Infrared Protocol
A 9ms leading pulse burst (16 times the pulse burst length used for a logical data bit)
A 4.5ms space
The 8-bit address for the receiving device
The 8-bit logical inverse of the address
The 8-bit command
The 8-bit logical inverse of the command
Final 562.5µs pulse burst to show end of message transmission.
Logical ‘0’ – a 562.5µs pulse burst followed by a 562.5µs space, with a total transmit time of 1.125ms
Logical ‘1’ – a 562.5µs pulse burst followed by a 1.6875ms space, with a total transmit time of 2.25

The transmission of 0 and 1 is shown in the image blow
There are four bytes of data bits are being sent in least significant bit first order the figure blow shows the format of an NEC IR transmission frame, for a command of 0xB1 (10110001b) and an address of 0x8D (10001101b) .

16 bits for the address (address + inverse) require 27ms to transmit time .and the 16 bits for the command (command + inverse) also require 27ms to transmit time.
because (address + address inverse) or (command+command inverse) will always contain 8 ‘0’s and 8 ‘1’s so (8 * 1.125ms) + (8 * 2.25ms) == 27 ms .
according to this total time required to transmit the frame is (9ms +4.5ms +27ms+27ms) = 67.5 ms.

Logic Analyser shows the timing details
T1 leading pulse at 84.115ms
T2 space on 93.28ms
T3 Address starts at 97.580ms
T4 Address ends , address inverse starts 107.670ms
T5 address inverse ends , command starts at 124.486ms
T6 Command ends, command inverse starts 135.696ms
T7 Command inverse ends and last 562.5µs pulse to show end of transmission

Extended NEC protocol (not used in this demonstration)
The NEC protocol is so widely used that soon all possible addresses were used up. By sacrificing the address redundancy the address range was extended from 256 possible values to approximately 65000 different values. This way the address range was extended from 8 bits to 16 bits without changing any other property of the protocol. The command redundancy is still preserved. Therefore each address can still handle 256 different commands.in extended protocol instead of sending address and address inverse we send address low and address high as shown in the image blow.
Repeat Codes
If the key on the remote controller is kept depressed, a repeat code will be issued, typically around 40ms after the pulse burst that signified the end of the message. A repeat code will continue to be sent out at 108ms intervals, until the key is finally released. The repeat code consists of the following, in order:

A 9ms leading pulse burst
A 2.25ms space
A 562.5µs pulse burst to mark the end of the space (and hence end of the transmitted repeat code).
the figures give blow show the timing of repeat codes. If user keeps the key depressed the repeat codes keep coming. T8 shows the timing of repeat code.

For more detail: Infrared Remote Control with Microcontroller