Summary of A 12hr/24hr LED Clock with display control using PIC16F628A microcontroller
The ANP LED Clock is a minimalist timepiece built with only ten essential components, utilizing a PIC 16F84A or 16F628 microcontroller. It features customizable 12/24-hour formats, power-saving modes via brightness control, and battery operation capability. The design employs Charlieplexing to minimize I/O port usage and supports both common anode and cathode displays. Applications range from car clock replacements to vintage wristwatches and desktop gifts.
Parts used in the ANP LED Clock:
- PIC 16F84A microcontroller
- Two 22pF ceramic capacitors
- Two n.o. micro switches
- One 4Mhz Xtal oscillator
- Four 7-segment LED displays (Common Anode or Common Cathode)
- Optional LED for PM indicator
- Optional 4.7k resistor
- Optional n.o. microswitch for brightness control
This LED clock may not be the easiest to build but surely it is the one with fewer parts that you can find, for that reason I call it “The ANP LED Clock”. (ANP stands for Almost No Parts.)
Using the micro controller PIC 16F84A or the 16F628 (same pinout), this clock have more and improved features than my previous LED Clock.
Here are the features on this ANP LED Clock:
- Can use common cathode or common anode 7-segment LED displays.
- Displays time as 12 hours or 24 hours format.
- Allows to enable or disable the display for battery-operated circuits.
- Can control the display brightness to reduce power consumption
- 7-segment LED displays are charlieplexed to reduce I/O ports usage.
- PM LED indicator (optional)
- Only 10 parts needed: 1 PIC 16F84A, 2 22pF Capacitors, 2 n.o. switches, 1 4Mhz Xtal and 4 CA or CC 7segment LED displays.
- Operates from 2.5 to 5.5 Volts, it can even work with a 3V coin batteryBecause all this features, the applications for this ANP LED Clock could be:
- Inexpensive LED Clock to replace the expensive broken one from your luxury car.
- “vintage” LED wristwatch – Using some LED display from old calculators and 3 Volts coin battery, it’s possible to build a small clock.
- Jumbo Clock – Non-inverting buffers can be used to drive more voltage and lit giant 7-segment led displays.
- Compact clock for your appliances or projects
Even more:
Desktop Clock as gift for a friend
- Nice clock to keep your 4-years old niece distracted for a while
- A piece of trash after your 4-years old niece were playing with the clock.
Let’s get technical, here is the pin out information for this project:
Pin 1 to VDD for 12Hrs, VSS for 24Hrs
Pin 2 to VDD C Anode display, VSS for C Cathode
Pin 3 to VDD Enable display, VSS disable display
Pin 4 to VDD Normal operation, VSS Reset
Pin 5 VSS Ground or –
Pins 6..13 To multiplexed display
Pin 14 VDD or +
Pins 15 & 16 Xtal Oscillator (4Mhz only)
Pin 17 to Display Decimal Point
Pin 18 PM LED indicator (optional)
Pin 2 to VDD C Anode display, VSS for C Cathode
Pin 3 to VDD Enable display, VSS disable display
Pin 4 to VDD Normal operation, VSS Reset
Pin 5 VSS Ground or –
Pins 6..13 To multiplexed display
Pin 14 VDD or +
Pins 15 & 16 Xtal Oscillator (4Mhz only)
Pin 17 to Display Decimal Point
Pin 18 PM LED indicator (optional)
Here are some examples how configuration pins are wired:
Figure A: For 12 Hours LED clock using Common Anode 7-segment LED displays.
Figure B: For 24 Hours LED Clock using Common Cathode 7-segment LED displays.
Figure C: For 24 Hours LED clock using Common Anode 7-segment LED displays.
Figure D: For Battery operated clocks, a 10k resistor and a switch can be used to view the time, specially for wrist watches.
Figure C: For 24 Hours LED clock using Common Anode 7-segment LED displays.
Figure D: For Battery operated clocks, a 10k resistor and a switch can be used to view the time, specially for wrist watches.
Here is the schematic for the ANP 12/24 Hrs LED Clock:
| Bill of materials:1 PIC 16F84A with JP8410-a software 1 Xtal 4 Mhz 2 22pF ceramic capacitors 2 n.o. micro switches. 4 7-segment LED displays (CA or CC) |
Optional:1 LED for PM indicator 1 4.7k resistor 1 n.o. microswitch for brightness control. |
Notes:
1.- Before applying power to the circuit, set the configuration pins to the one desired. DO NOT APPLY POWER without connecting pins 1, 2 & 3.
2.- Device configuration: CP Off, WDT Off, PWRTMR ON, OSC Xtal.
The displays are “Charlieplexed” and controlled with modulated pulses, also know as PWM (Pulse width modulation). There are no resistors on most of my projects because I limit the current using the software instead of using resistors. Also, I do use the internal pull-ups from the microcontroller PIC itself. The 1-second routine is similar to the one used by Roman Black but not the same. To keep accuracy, connections to the XTAL and 22pf capacitors must be as short is possible. Read the specifications from the Xtal manufacturer.
Here is a video showing how it works:
- Can this clock operate on a battery?
Yes, it operates from 2.5 to 5.5 Volts and can even work with a 3V coin battery. - How many parts are needed to build this project?
Only 10 parts are needed for the basic version of the clock. - What microcontrollers can be used for this design?
You can use the PIC 16F84A or the 16F628 as they share the same pinout. - Does the display support different voltage formats?
Yes, it allows switching between 12 hours and 24 hours formats based on pin configuration. - Is it possible to control the display brightness?
Yes, you can enable or disable the display and control brightness to reduce power consumption. - How does the project save I/O ports?
The 7-segment LED displays are charlieplexed to reduce the number of I/O ports required. - What happens if power is applied before setting configuration pins?
You must set the configuration pins first; do not apply power without connecting pins 1, 2, and 3. - Are resistors used to limit current in this circuit?
No, the current is limited using software instead of using resistors on most projects.
