Connect Flash Card with PIC18F4520

The Compact Flash Library provides routines for accessing data on Compact Flash card (abbr. CF further in text). CF cards are widely used memory elements, commonly used with digital cameras. Great capacity and excellent access time of only a few microseconds make them very attractive for microcontroller applications.

In CF card, data is divided into sectors. One sector usually comprises 512 bytes. Routines for file handling, the Cf_Fat routines, are not performed directly but successively through 512B buffer.

  Important :

  • Routines for file handling can be used only with FAT16 file system.
  • Library functions create and read files from the root directory only.
  • Library functions populate both FAT1 and FAT2 tables when writing to files, but the file data is being read from the FAT1 table only; i.e. there is no recovery if the FAT1 table gets corrupted.
  • If MMC/SD card has Master Boot Record (MBR), the library will work with the first available primary (logical) partition that has non-zero size. If MMC/SD card has Volume Boot Record (i.e. there is only one logical partition and no MBRs), the library works with entire card as a single partition. For more information on MBR, physical and logical drives, primary/secondary partitions and partition tables, please consult other resources, e.g. Wikipedia and similar.
  • Before writing operation, make sure not to overwrite boot or FAT sector as it could make your card on PC or digital camera unreadable. Drive mapping tools, such as Winhex, can be of great assistance.Connect Flash Card with PIC18F4520


 External dependencies of Compact Flash Library

The following variables must be defined in all projects using Compact Flash Library: Description : Example :
extern sfr char CF_Data_Port; Compact Flash Data Port. char CF_Data_Port at PORTD;
extern sfr sbit CF_RDY; Ready signal line. sbit CF_RDY at RB7_bit;
extern sfr sbit CF_WE; Write Enable signal line. sbit CF_WE at LATB6_bit;
extern sfr sbit CF_OE; Output Enable signal line. sbit CF_OE at LATB5_bit;
extern sfr sbit CF_CD1; Chip Detect signal line. sbit CF_CD1 at RB4_bit;
extern sfr sbit CF_CE1; Chip Enable signal line. sbit CF_CE1 at LATB3_bit;
extern sfr sbit CF_A2; Address pin 2. sbit CF_A2 at LATB2_bit;
extern sfr sbit CF_A1; Address pin 1. sbit CF_A1 at LATB1_bit;
extern sfr sbit CF_A0; Address pin 0. sbit CF_A0 at LATB0_bit;
extern sfr sbit CF_RDY_direction; Direction of the Ready pin. sbit CF_RDY_direction at TRISB7_bit;
extern sfr sbit CF_WE_direction; Direction of the Write Enable pin. sbit CF_WE_direction at TRISB6_bit;
extern sfr sbit CF_OE_direction; Direction of the Output Enable pin. sbit CF_OE_direction at TRISB5_bit;
extern sfr sbit CF_CD1_direction; Direction of the Chip Detect pin. sbit CF_CD1_direction at TRISB4_bit;
extern sfr sbit CF_CE1_direction; Direction of the Chip Enable pin. sbit CF_CE1_direction at TRISB3_bit;
extern sfr sbit CF_A2_direction; Direction of the Address 2 pin. sbit CF_A2_direction at TRISB2_bit;
extern sfr sbit CF_A1_direction; Direction of the Address 1 pin. sbit CF_A1_direction at TRISB1_bit;
extern sfr sbit CF_A0_direction; Direction of the Address 0 pin. sbit CF_A0_direction at TRISB0_bit;

Library Routines

  • Cf_Init
  • Cf_Detect
  • Cf_Enable
  • Cf_Disable
  • Cf_Read_Init
  • Cf_Read_Byte
  • Cf_Write_Init
  • Cf_Write_Byte
  • Cf_Read_Sector
  • Cf_Write_Sector
Routines for file handling:
  • Cf_Fat_Init
  • Cf_Fat_QuickFormat
  • Cf_Fat_Assign
  • Cf_Fat_Reset
  • Cf_Fat_Read
  • Cf_Fat_Rewrite
  • Cf_Fat_Append
  • Cf_Fat_Delete
  • Cf_Fat_Write
  • Cf_Fat_Set_File_Date
  • Cf_Fat_Get_File_Date
  • Cf_Fat_Get_File_Date_Modified
  • Cf_Fat_Get_File_Size
  • Cf_Fat_Get_Swap_File
The following routine is for the internal use by compiler only:
  • Cf_Issue_ID_Command

Cf_Init

Prototype void Cf_Init();
Returns Nothing.
Description Initializes ports appropriately for communication with CF card.
Requires Global variables :
  • CF_Data_Port : Compact Flash data port
  • CF_RDY : Ready signal line
  • CF_WE : Write enable signal line
  • CF_OE : Output enable signal line
  • CF_CD1 : Chip detect signal line
  • CF_CE1 : Enable signal line
  • CF_A2 : Address pin 2
  • CF_A1 : Address pin 1
  • CF_A0 : Address pin 0
  • CF_RDY_direction : Direction of the Ready pin
  • CF_WE_direction : Direction of the Write enable pin
  • CF_OE_direction : Direction of the Output enable pin
  • CF_CD1_direction : Direction of the Chip detect pin
  • CF_CE1_direction : Direction of the Chip enable pin
  • CF_A2_direction : Direction of the Address 2 pin
  • CF_A1_direction : Direction of the Address 1 pin
  • CF_A0_direction : Direction of the Address 0 pin

must be defined before using this function.

Example
// set compact flash pinout
char Cf_Data_Port at PORTD;

sbit CF_RDY at RB7_bit;
sbit CF_WE  at LATB6_bit;  // for writing to 
output pin always use latch (PIC18 family)
sbit CF_OE  at LATB5_bit;  // for writing 
to output pin always use latch (PIC18 family)
sbit CF_CD1 at RB4_bit;
sbit CF_CE1 at LATB3_bit;  // for writing to
 output pin always use latch (PIC18 family)
sbit CF_A2  at LATB2_bit;  // for writing to
 output pin always use latch (PIC18 family)
sbit CF_A1  at LATB1_bit;  // for writing to
 output pin always use latch (PIC18 family)
sbit CF_A0  at LATB0_bit;  // for writing to
 output pin always use latch (PIC18 family)

sbit CF_RDY_direction at TRISB7_bit;
sbit CF_WE_direction  at TRISB6_bit;
sbit CF_OE_direction  at TRISB5_bit;
sbit CF_CD1_direction at TRISB4_bit;
sbit CF_CE1_direction at TRISB3_bit;
sbit CF_A2_direction  at TRISB2_bit;
sbit CF_A1_direction  at TRISB1_bit;
sbit CF_A0_direction  at TRISB0_bit;
// end of cf pinout
...
Cf_Init();      // initialize CF 

Cf_Detect

Prototype unsigned short Cf_Detect(void);
Returns
  • 1 – if CF card was detected
  • 0 – otherwise
Description Checks for presence of CF card by reading the chip detect pin.
Requires The corresponding MCU ports must be appropriately initialized for CF card.
Example
// Wait until CF card is inserted:
do
  asm nop;
while (!Cf_Detect());

Cf_Enable

Prototype void Cf_Enable(void);
Returns Nothing.
Description Enables the device. Routine needs to be called only if you have disabled the device by means of the Cf_Disable routine. These two routines in conjunction allow you to free/occupy data line when working with multiple devices.
Requires The corresponding MCU ports must be appropriately initialized for CF card.
Example
// enable compact flash
Cf_Enable();

Cf_Disable

Prototype void Cf_Disable(void);
Returns Nothing.
Description Routine disables the device and frees the data lines for other devices. To enable the device again, call Cf_Enable. These two routines in conjunction allow you to free/occupy data line when working with multiple devices.
Requires The corresponding MCU ports must be appropriately initialized for CF card.
Example
// disable compact flash
Cf_Disable();

Cf_Read_Init

Prototype void Cf_Read_Init(unsigned long address, unsigned short sector_count);
Returns Nothing.
Description Initializes CF card for reading.
Parameters :
  • address: the first sector to be prepared for reading operation.
  • sector_count: number of sectors to be prepared for reading operation.
Requires The corresponding MCU ports must be appropriately initialized for CF card.
Example
// initialize compact flash for reading from sector 590
Cf_Read_Init(590, 1);

Cf_Read_Byte

Prototype unsigned short Cf_Read_Byte(void);
Returns Returns a byte read from Compact Flash sector buffer.
  Note : Higher byte of the unsigned return value is cleared.
Description Reads one byte from Compact Flash sector buffer location currently pointed to by internal read pointers. These pointers will be autoicremented upon reading.
Requires The corresponding MCU ports must be appropriately initialized for CF card.
CF card must be initialized for reading operation.
Example
// Read a byte from compact flash:
char data;
...
data = Cf_Read_Byte();

Cf_Write_Init

Prototype void Cf_Write_Init(unsigned long address, unsigned short sectcnt);
Returns Nothing.
Description Initializes CF card for writing.
Parameters :
  • address: the first sector to be prepared for writing operation.
  • sectcnt: number of sectors to be prepared for writing operation.
Requires The corresponding MCU ports must be appropriately initialized for CF card.
Example
// initialize compact flash for writing to sector 590
Cf_Write_Init(590, 1);

Cf_Write_Byte

Prototype void Cf_Write_Byte(unsigned short data_);
Returns Nothing.
Description Writes a byte to Compact Flash sector buffer location currently pointed to by writing pointers. These pointers will be autoicremented upon reading. When sector buffer is full, its contents will be transfered to appropriate flash memory sector.
Parameters :
  • data_: byte to be written.
Requires The corresponding MCU ports must be appropriately initialized for CF card.
CF card must be initialized for writing operation.
Example
char data_ = 0xAA;
...
Cf_Write_Byte(data_);

Cf_Read_Sector

Prototype void Cf_Read_Sector(unsigned long sector_number, unsigned short *buffer);
Returns Nothing.
Description Reads one sector (512 bytes). Read data is stored into buffer provided by the buffer parameter.
Parameters :
  • sector_number: sector to be read.
  • buffer: data buffer of at least 512 bytes in length.
Requires The corresponding MCU ports must be appropriately initialized for CF card.
Example
// read sector 22
unsigned short data[512];
...
Cf_Read_Sector(22, data);

Cf_Write_Sector

Prototype void Cf_Write_Sector(unsigned long sector_number, unsigned short *buffer);
Returns Nothing.
Description Writes 512 bytes of data provided by the buffer parameter to one CF sector.
Parameters :
  • sector_number: sector to be written to.
  • buffer: data buffer of 512 bytes in length.
Requires The corresponding MCU ports must be appropriately initialized for CF card.
Example
// write to sector 22
unsigned short data[512];
...
Cf_Write_Sector(22, data);

Cf_Fat_Init

Prototype unsigned short Cf_Fat_Init();
Returns
  • 0 – if CF card was detected and successfully initialized
  • 1 – if FAT16 boot sector was not found
  • 255 – if card was not detected
Description Initializes CF card, reads CF FAT16 boot sector and extracts necessary data needed by the library.
Requires Nothing.
Example
 // Init the FAT library
if (!Cf_Fat_Init()) {    // Init the FAT library
...
}

Cf_Fat_QuickFormat

Prototype unsigned char Cf_Fat_QuickFormat(char *cf_fat_label);
Returns
  • 0 – if CF card was detected, successfully formated and initialized
  • 1 – if FAT16 format was unseccessful
  • 255 – if card was not detected
Description Formats to FAT16 and initializes CF card.
Parameters :
  • cf_fat_label: volume label (11 characters in length). If less than 11 characters are provided, the label will be padded with spaces. If null string is passed, the volume will not be labeled.

  Note :

  • This routine can be used instead or in conjunction with Cf_Fat_Init routine.
  • If CF card already contains a valid boot sector, it will remain unchanged (except volume label field) and only FAT and ROOT tables will be erased. Also, the new volume label will be set.
Requires Nothing.
Example
//--- format and initialize the FAT library - 
if (!Cf_Fat_QuickFormat(&cf_fat_label)) {
...
}

Cf_Fat_Assign

Prototype unsigned short Cf_Fat_Assign(char *filename, char file_cre_attr);
Returns
  • 0 if file does not exist and no new file is created.
  • 1 if file already exists or file does not exist but a new file is created.
Description Assigns file for file operations (read, write, delete…). All subsequent file operations will be applied over the assigned file.
Parameters :
  • filename: name of the file that should be assigned for file operations. The file name should be in DOS 8.3 (file_name.extension) format. The file name and extension will be automatically padded with spaces by the library if they have less than length required (i.e. “mikro.tx” -> “mikro .tx “), so the user does not have to take care of that. The file name and extension are case insensitive. The library will convert them to proper case automatically, so the user does not have to take care of that. Also, in order to keep backward compatibility with the first version of this library, file names can be entered as UPPERCASE string of 11 bytes in length with no dot character between the file name and extension (i.e. “MIKROELETXT” -> MIKROELE.TXT). In this case the last 3 characters of the string are considered to be file extension.
  • file_cre_attr: file creation and attributs flags. Each bit corresponds to the appropriate file attribut:
    Bit Mask Description
    0 0x01 Read Only
    1 0x02 Hidden
    2 0x04 System
    3 0x08 Volume Label
    4 0x10 Subdirectory
    5 0x20 Archive
    6 0x40 Device (internal use only, never found on disk)
    7 0x80 File creation flag. If the file does not exist and this flag is set, a new file with specified name will be created.
      Note : Long File Names (LFN) are not supported.
Requires CF card and CF library must be initialized for file operations.
Example
// create file with archive attributes if it does not already exist
Cf_Fat_Assign("MIKRO007.TXT",0xA0);

Cf_Fat_Reset

Prototype void Cf_Fat_Reset(unsigned long *size);
Returns Nothing.
Description Opens currently assigned file for reading.
Parameters :
  • size: buffer to store file size to. After file has been open for reading its size is returned through this parameter.
Requires CF card and CF library must be initialized for file operations.
File must be previously assigned.
Example
unsigned long size;
...
Cf_Fat_Reset(size);

Cf_Fat_Read

Prototype void Cf_Fat_Read(unsigned short *bdata);
Returns Nothing.
Description Reads a byte from currently assigned file opened for reading. Upon function execution file pointers will be set to the next character in the file.
Parameters :
  • bdata: buffer to store read byte to. Upon this function execution read byte is returned through this parameter.
Requires CF card and CF library must be initialized for file operations.
File must be previously assigned.
File must be open for reading.
Example
char character;
...
Cf_Fat_Read(&character);

Cf_Fat_Rewrite

Prototype void Cf_Fat_Rewrite();
Returns Nothing.
Description Opens currently assigned file for writing. If the file is not empty its content will be erased.
Requires CF card and CF library must be initialized for file operations.
The file must be previously assigned.
Example
// open file for writing
Cf_Fat_Rewrite();

Cf_Fat_Append

Prototype void Cf_Fat_Append();
Returns Nothing.
Description Opens currently assigned file for appending. Upon this function execution file pointers will be positioned after the last byte in the file, so any subsequent file writing operation will start from there.
Requires CF card and CF library must be initialized for file operations.
File must be previously assigned.
Example
// open file for appending
Cf_Fat_Append();

Connect Flash Card with PIC18F4520Cf_Fat_Delete

Prototype void Cf_Fat_Delete();
Returns Nothing.
Description Deletes currently assigned file from CF card.
Requires CF card and CF library must be initialized for file operations.
File must be previously assigned.
Example
// delete current file
Cf_Fat_Delete();

Cf_Fat_Write

Prototype void Cf_Fat_Write(char *fdata, unsigned data_len);
Returns Nothing.
Description Writes requested number of bytes to currently assigned file opened for writing.
Parameters :
  • fdata: data to be written.
  • data_len: number of bytes to be written.
Requires CF card and CF library must be initialized for file operations.
File must be previously assigned.
File must be open for writing.
Example
char file_contents[42];
...
Cf_Fat_Write(file_contents, 42); // write data to the assigned file

Cf_Fat_Set_File_Date

Prototype void Cf_Fat_Set_File_Date(unsigned int year, unsigned short month, unsigned short day, unsigned short hours, unsigned short mins, unsigned short seconds);
Returns Nothing.
Description Sets the date/time stamp. Any subsequent file writing operation will write this stamp to currently assigned file’s time/date attributs.
Parameters :
  • year: year attribute. Valid values: 1980-2107
  • month: month attribute. Valid values: 1-12
  • day: day attribute. Valid values: 1-31
  • hours: hours attribute. Valid values: 0-23
  • mins: minutes attribute. Valid values: 0-59
  • seconds: seconds attribute. Valid values: 0-59
Requires CF card and CF library must be initialized for file operations.
File must be previously assigned.
File must be open for writing.

 

 

 

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