About: Ibrar Ayyub

ABSTRACT In contemporary embedded systems, the microcontroller assumes a pivotal role. Mastery of microcontroller programming has become indispensable not only for engineering disciplines but also for various other fields such as computer science, electronics, and physics. Practical laboratory sessions have proven to be an effective method for students to grasp the intricacies of microcontroller operation […]

INTRODUCTION The global demand for electrical energy continues to rise steadily, necessitating a shift towards renewable energy sources as traditional fossil fuels like petroleum and coal become increasingly scarce and contribute to environmental pollution. Consequently, there has been a surge in research focused on harnessing electrical energy from thermoelectric modules. One such study delves into […]

1.     INTRODUCTION With the rapid advancements in embedded technology, there is a growing demand for a data acquisition system that combines fast processing speed, compact size, low cost, and real-time data monitoring capabilities. The utilization of a microcontroller as a processor has gained popularity due to its speed, energy efficiency, affordability, and lightweight nature [1-2]. […]

A Peripheral Interface Microcontroller (PIC), developed by General Instruments Microcontrollers in 1993, operates under software control and is programmed to execute various tasks, regulating production lines. PIC microcontrollers find application in diverse fields including smartphones, audio accessories, and cutting-edge medical devices. Various PIC microcontrollers are available in the market, spanning from the PIC16F84 to the […]

One lesson I’ve gleaned from parenthood is the formidable challenge of imparting knowledge to a child. Despite their keen interest and ample time and resources at hand, if a child isn’t prepared or lacks essential foundational elements, grasping a skill or lesson can prove elusive. Fortunately, programming a PIC microcontroller unit (MCU) presents a significantly […]

A DC motor functions as an electromechanical device, translating electrical signals into mechanical movements. The rotation of the motor correlates directly with the applied input pulses, with the sequence of pulses determining the direction of the motor shaft’s rotation. The speed of rotation is directly linked to the frequency of input pulses, while the length […]

1. Introduction In our daily lives, a variety of devices such as telephones, household appliances, and cars incorporate “smart” electronics, typically manifested as embedded systems. At their core, these systems involve a microcomputer designed to oversee specific processes within the application. Microcontrollers (μC) or digital signal processing (DSP) devices commonly serve as the central component […]

1. INTRODUCTION PWM-based AC voltage controllers find extensive application in uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) and high-power flexible AC transmission systems. This variable voltage output serves various purposes, including dimming street lights, adjusting heating temperatures in homes and industries, controlling the speed of fans and winding machines, and numerous other applications. These systems require switching elements […]

1. INTRODUCTION Within the electronics industry[1], as circuit complexity undergoes a drastic increase and the demand for higher reliability rises, a significant factor contributing to overall costs is the expense incurred during testing. Traditionally, distinct hardware circuits are required for testing different integrated circuits (ICs). Whether testing logic gates, flip-flops, or shift registers, each type […]

1. INTRODUCTION The impact of microcontroller usage on our daily lives is remarkable. This versatile device is now prevalent in various control applications, utilizing a microprocessor as its central processing unit (CPU) while integrating features such as memory, timing references, and I/O peripherals on the same chip. In our project, the microcontroller plays a crucial […]