Today I came up with another engineering project for electronics and communication students,Β Android and Bluetooth controlled robot using PICΒ Microcontroller with object detecting capability.
After installing MikroElectronβs Robot Control App from Play Store you should be able to control the robot with your android phone/ tablet over bluetooth signal. The eye catching feature of this project is the βobjects detectionβ capability with the help ofΒ Ultrasonic sensor,Β soΒ youΒ donβt have to worry about the robot hitting any object or wall in front of it. Robot will navigate safely without touching any obstacles. Moreover it will make beep sounds if any obstacle is found and a LCD screen is used to display distance to the specified object.
Speaking about the hardware, Iβve used PIC16F877A to control the robot, ultrasonic sensor will generate ultrasonic pulses to detect objects and calculate the distance, LCD screen to display distance, HC-06 / HC-05 Bluetooth module for communicating to Robot wirelessly.
Well letβs see how to make a mobile robot for your academic project.
Components for Android Robot
- PIC16F877A
- L293D IC
- 7805 IC
- LCD 16Γ2
- Ultrasonic Sensor HC-SR04
- Crystal 20MHz
- Transistor BC548
- Resistor (10Kx2, 1Kx2)
- Capacitor (33pfx2, 10uF/16V)
- PCB
- DC gear motor (100 rpm x 2)
- Robot frame and wheels
Circuit Diagram of Bluetooth Controlled Robot
Working of Obstacle avoidance robot
For simplicity letβs consider this project having 2 parts- Bluetooth navigation section and object detection section.
- HC-06 / HC-05 Bluetooth module is used to receive data from android based device.
- After pairing (connecting) the Bluetooth module with android phone or tablet, open the application and connect to the paired device HC-06 or HC-05.
- Android application will send letters βFβ, βBβ, βRβ and βLβ to move robot forward, backward, right and left respectively.
- These are received by the Bluetooth receiver, those letters are available in TX pin of HC-06.
- TX pin of Bluetooth module is connected to RX pin (26) of PIC microcontroller, which receives information from the Bluetooth module.
- That information is used as an interrupt to switch between user defined functions that we have specified.
- We have written different functions to perform assigned tasks viz Move forward, backward, turn left and right. These functions will change the values of pins RC0, RC1, RC2 and RC3. Wheel rotations are controlled by these pins.
- Here we are using IC L293D to drive wheel motor, which is capable of driving 2 motors at a time.
Object Detection
- HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor is used measure the distance between object and robot.
- HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor has 4 pins- Vcc, Ground, TIRGGER and ECHO.
- ECHO is connected to Pin 23 and TIRGGER to Pin 24 of PIC Microcontroller respectively.
- Initially we may trigger the ultrasonic sensor by applying a TRIGGER pulse via Pin 23 of PIC MCU.
- This will initiate the sensor to transmit out 8 cycles of ultrasonic burst at 40 kHz and then it waits for the reflected ultrasonic burs. When the sensor detects ultrasonic from receiver, it will set the ECHO pin to high (5V) and delay for a period (width) which is in proportion to the distance.
- The time difference between transmitted and reflected ultrasonic burst is calculated using TIMER1 module of PIC.
The distance is calculated by the formula
Where,
Speed= Velocity of light.
Time= Time between transmitted and reflected wave.
- The calculated distance is displayed over an LCD display; LCD is driven by PORT B.
- If the distance is less than 25 cms, robot will rotate right 90 degree and produces a beep sound to inform that an object has been found. This will help to avoid objects and acquire safe path.
I have used 12V /1.2Ah rechargeable battery to operate the robot.