About: Ibrar Ayyub

A Peripheral Interface Microcontroller (PIC), developed by General Instruments Microcontrollers in 1993, operates under software control and is programmed to execute various tasks, regulating production lines. PIC microcontrollers find application in diverse fields including smartphones, audio accessories, and cutting-edge medical devices. Various PIC microcontrollers are available in the market, spanning from the PIC16F84 to the […]

One lesson I’ve gleaned from parenthood is the formidable challenge of imparting knowledge to a child. Despite their keen interest and ample time and resources at hand, if a child isn’t prepared or lacks essential foundational elements, grasping a skill or lesson can prove elusive. Fortunately, programming a PIC microcontroller unit (MCU) presents a significantly […]

A DC motor functions as an electromechanical device, translating electrical signals into mechanical movements. The rotation of the motor correlates directly with the applied input pulses, with the sequence of pulses determining the direction of the motor shaft’s rotation. The speed of rotation is directly linked to the frequency of input pulses, while the length […]

1. Introduction In our daily lives, a variety of devices such as telephones, household appliances, and cars incorporate “smart” electronics, typically manifested as embedded systems. At their core, these systems involve a microcomputer designed to oversee specific processes within the application. Microcontrollers (μC) or digital signal processing (DSP) devices commonly serve as the central component […]

1. INTRODUCTION PWM-based AC voltage controllers find extensive application in uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) and high-power flexible AC transmission systems. This variable voltage output serves various purposes, including dimming street lights, adjusting heating temperatures in homes and industries, controlling the speed of fans and winding machines, and numerous other applications. These systems require switching elements […]

1. INTRODUCTION Within the electronics industry[1], as circuit complexity undergoes a drastic increase and the demand for higher reliability rises, a significant factor contributing to overall costs is the expense incurred during testing. Traditionally, distinct hardware circuits are required for testing different integrated circuits (ICs). Whether testing logic gates, flip-flops, or shift registers, each type […]

1. INTRODUCTION The impact of microcontroller usage on our daily lives is remarkable. This versatile device is now prevalent in various control applications, utilizing a microprocessor as its central processing unit (CPU) while integrating features such as memory, timing references, and I/O peripherals on the same chip. In our project, the microcontroller plays a crucial […]

1. INTRODUCTION An impulse generator is an electrical device designed to generate short-duration surges of high voltage or high current. Impulse signals are characterized by their very high magnitude and extremely brief duration. These impulses are typically utilized for insulation testing by passing them through a transformer. The process of generating impulse voltage involves two […]

Introduction The field of embedded systems plays a crucial role in modern society, with a myriad of applications across various sectors such as telecommunication, medical devices, industrial control, and more (Miha & Mihael, 2008). Microcontrollers form the backbone of these embedded systems, capable of executing complex operations based on hundreds of thousands of transistors. Initially, […]

INTRODUCTION Within the effective Baby Incubator system, the incubator serves as an infant-stimulation apparatus designed for the intensive care of newborns, particularly those who are premature or unwell. This system ensures a secure and hygienic environment, offering fresh air and sterile conditions essential for the well-being of infants. Globally, four million infants face mortality within […]